The memory of the defeated and the victims in Europe

The emergence of victims in the public, media and scientific spheres is a major contemporary phenomenon in our "common world". This corresponds to a radical change in the historical representation of the world, where for centuries only the heroic victor was celebrated in official history. This exchange between Yuri Shapoval, a Ukrainian historian and recognized specialist in the traumatic events of the first half of the twentieth century, and François-Xavier Nérard, a French historian specializing in Soviet history and questions of memory, provided an insight into the stages and consequences of this "victimization" of historical memory.